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JOIN

INNER JOIN

Join to a class or subquery.

Syntax: [INNER] JOIN <class|subquery> ON <join-expr>

SELECT [schema].[Name] [Schema], [class].[Name] [Class] FROM [meta].[ECClassDef] [class] INNER JOIN [meta].[ECSchemaDef] [schema] ON [class].[Schema].[Id] = [schema].[ECInstanceId] ORDER BY [schema].[Name], [class].[Name] LIMIT 4; /* Schema |Class ----------------------------------------- BisCore |AnnotationElement2d BisCore |AnnotationFrameStyle BisCore |AnnotationLeaderStyle BisCore |AnnotationTextStyle */

OUTER JOIN

Outer joins are joins that return matched values and unmatched values from either or both classes.

There are three type of OUTER JOIN.

  1. LEFT JOIN
  2. RIGHT JOIN
  3. FULL JOIN

LEFT JOIN

LEFT JOIN returns only unmatched rows from the left class, as well as matched rows in both classes

SELECT * FROM (SELECT null b) t LEFT JOIN (SELECT 1 b) r ON t.b=r.b; /* b |b_1 ---------------------------- NULL |NULL */

RIGHT JOIN

RIGHT JOIN returns only unmatched rows from the right class, as well as matched rows in both classes

SELECT * FROM (SELECT null b) t RIGHT JOIN (SELECT 1 b) r ON t.b=r.b; /* b |b_1 ---------------------------- NULL |1 */

FULL JOIN

FULL JOIN returns all the rows from both joined classes, whether they have a matching row or not.

SELECT * FROM (SELECT null b) t FULL JOIN (SELECT 1 b) r ON t.b=r.b; /* b |b_1 ---------------------------- NULL |NULL NULL |1 */

JOIN USING

Join using automatically uses relationship definition to join two classes

Syntax: JOIN <end-class> USING <relationship> [FORWARD|BACKWARD]

In following we join from Bis.Element to BisCore.Element using BisCore.ElementOwnsChildElements. Where child element is t0 and parent is t1. If we use FORWARD then t0 will become child and t1 will be parent.

SELECT * FROM [BisCore].[Element] t0 JOIN [BisCore].[Element] t1 USING [BisCore].[ElementOwnsChildElements] BACKWARD

NOTE: JOIN USING syntax is slower for relationships mapped to a Foreign Key using a Navigation Property than joining directly using the navigation property

ECSql Syntax

Last Updated: 11 June, 2025